Video Games and Movies

Computer games and Movies Games can be considered as toys, yet toys don't generally include the standards and rules of game. From one viewpoint, there are slight contrasts between the idea of game and toy.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Video Games and Movies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, they are especially featured regarding structure, opportunity of activity, and constraints forced either on game or advanced toy. In his article, Schiesel advances this message to examine such renowned computerized toy as Mr. Wright’s development called Spore and contrast it and different games, in which rules and standards matter more than the real legend drew in into the methodology. Truth be told, the nearness of strategies, procedures, and rules premium grown-ups more than youngsters in light of the fact that the previous is progressively worried about the limitations in which their activities are introduced. Youngsters are progressively intrigued by opportunity of activities that permit them to make second adjust sense of self in an advanced situation. As indicated by Schiesel, â€Å"Spore gives clients uncommon opportunity to carry their minds to some similarity to advanced life† (n. p.). Along these lines, the toy furnishes clients with a wide scope of apparatuses for uncovering their innovativeness. It can likewise be introduced in different limits since clients are allowed to pick the jobs and capacities they can perform. Not at all like toys, games are made to embed the toy in a particular setting, in which different headings and techniques could be worked out. All the more significantly, games are all the more interesting for clients who accept that development is beyond the realm of imagination. At last, toys can't give individuals the elements that the game can present in light of the fact that toys can't cling to a particular result. In spite of the fact that computer games permit to clients to feel themselves legends who can have extraordinary forces and additional capacities, the saints introduced in the film is by all accounts progressively vigorous and sensible. This is of specific worry to the new James Bond †Daniel Craig, whose portrayal of 007 operator is perceived as an unmistakable and splendid execution. In the article, Scott centers around Quantum of Solace film and accept, â€Å"James Bond is an a lot livelier character than both of those mopey vide-game figures, yet he share with them the astounding capacity to oppose, for sure, to overlook, Ms. Kurylenko’s physical charms† (n. p.).Advertising Looking for article on correspondences media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More as opposed to Pierce Brosnan’s portrayal off entangled feelings, Mr. Craig is by all accounts progressively sure about speaking to harsh personalities went with insightful portrayal of his internal encounters. His compassion for another Bond’s young lady varies much from past translations of the picture. What's more, the air of Quantum of Solace is to a great extent impacted by Bond’s past encounters and challenges and, in this way, is film is not so much fierce but rather more melodious. Indeed, Scott’s center around enthusiastic constituent in the film is advocated in light of the fact that â€Å"007’s sorrow and fury, the wellspring of association with Camille, are powers more impressive than either obligation or libido† (n. p.). Craig’s variant of Bond is by all accounts sincerely and mentally more profound when contrasted with past rebirths of the specialist. Along these lines, the article precisely passes on the principle quirks, topics, and issues in the film, just as effectively plots the fundamental highlights of Craig’s legend. All the more critically, such a translation clarifies the contrasts among Craig and other actors’ exhibitions an d characterizes new bearings in the character advancement. At long last, Scott figures out how to characterize the sorts of connections among Bond and Camille that contrast much from past associations. Schiesel, Seth. â€Å"Playing God, the Home Game†. The New York Times. 2008. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/expressions/TV/05spor.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Scott, O. A. â€Å"007 Is Back, and He’s Brooding†. The New York Times. 2008. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/14/films/14quan.html

Project Report communication barrier at 2 sister foods group Essay

Undertaking Report correspondence boundary at 2 sister nourishments bunch scunthorpe - Essay Example Worker execution decreases pointedly and managers lose the representative certainty in light of correspondence boundaries. Deficient verbal and non verbal correspondence brings about sharpness and a noteworthy hole between the representatives and bosses. Correspondence boundaries must be distinguished all together for compelling correspondence to occur. In the food business, business forms intensely depends on correspondence. Understanding correspondence obstructions prompts improving correspondence. This paper targets examining the correspondence obstructions at 2 sisters Food gathering and distinguishing how correspondence can be improved in a multicultural association. The exploration additionally targets calling attention to the effects of correspondence boundaries to the profitability of the business and general activities. Correspondence hindrances influence the connection among managers and representatives. The food business area utilizes countless individuals. The achievement of the business depends of correspondence viability. In this unique situation, correspondence is seen as significant collaboration among the individuals in an association. This collaboration brings about the significance being seen and comprehended by the gatherings. This procedure can be hindered by an assortment of boundaries coming about to business disappointments. Improved correspondence relies upon the end of the correspondence boundaries. The writing survey is devoted to having a more profound and better comprehension of different hypotheses and models that direct the marvel of correspondence. It could in this way be said that the writing audit is being embraced as a type of calculated system on correspondence to have a superior comprehension of existing models of correspondence and choosing the most suitable model that can be founded at 2 Sisters Foods Group Scunthorpe. After a careful examination of different models of correspondence, the constructionist model is

Word of the Week! Praxis Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Praxis Richmond Writing Apologies for a late post. Ive been working on a different deadline, and the Friday afternoon cutoff for a Monday Spiderbyte notice slipped by, well, like a ship in the late afternoon. We have an excellent word to make up for that tardiness, one I employ in every class where I train our Writing Consultants. Sharon Condrey, URs Director of Tax Compliance and Payroll, nominated a word that enjoys a good deal of academic usage; it could also prove very helpful in business settings. I learned praxis as a newly minted teacher of first-year composition at Indiana University.   According to the OED, praxis is of mixed Greek and Latin parentage. It came to me through the writings of Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator and political radical (radical ideas among grad students were nothing new in the mid-80s, nor are they today). Freire very much intended to employ the Marxist notion of the term, that is, the application of economic theory to everyday practices. In a less charged political sense, that was how we applied ideas then new to the writing classroom, through  pedagogy such as guided peer-review, collaborative learning, and subtle yet powerful methods for pre-writing when drafting essays.   This is where I got my notion of making writers prepare a bias statement early in the writing process, then keep it with them as they attempt that neutral and nuanced voice of the Academy. Peruse the OED entry and youll find political and linguistic meanings for praxis, yet all of them are performative in some manner. I tell my writers and Consultants what David Bartholomaes theory of Error Analysis, where nearly every error signals a mistaken intention, not some mortal sin, is the soul of Writing-Center praxis. Our praxis makes some faculty and writers mad that we do not proofread papers. I have patiently explained that that level of doing for a writer is not only unethical but also unproductive:   writers need to know where and why their intentions went awry and then, only then, we teach them. This is hard work, but this praxis of writing centers presumes that writers can learn by doing, that repeated errors provide clues to their intentions, and that most error is systematic in some manner. That series of axioms, derived from Bartholomaes and other scholars theories, led to our modern praxis. Think, now, about a modern office that involves any degree of creative work. Dont the open office layout, guided teamwork, and a flatter hierarchy all come from a theory about how we work best together? Otherwise, wed still be in the top-down, if colorfully drunken, world of  Mad Men. Don Draper and Roger Sterling were fascinating characters, but Id not want to work for them. Would you? Please send us words and metaphors useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here.

The New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance - 879 Words

The New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced literature, music, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, â€Å"more than six million African Americans† traveled from â€Å"the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West† to achieve economic and social benefit, and a new home in Harlem, New York City (History.com Staff). It â€Å"has been a synonym for being a center of culture, intelligence, and fashion† (Harlem). That exact time period gave black people opportunity to grow, to prosper, and to express. Through art, they have shown the value of life, even though there was brutal racism, injustice in black identity, and slavery. Thi s is a movement in the black culture to show that they are just more than the color of their skin. The Harlem Renaissance started after World War I. Northern factories had a â€Å"huge demand† for workers; â€Å"southern blacks took this opportunity to leave the oppressive economic conditions in the South† (Great Migration). Most of them resided in Harlem, New York City. Artists in this movement had either painted pictures of everyday tasks, wrote poetry about freedom, and/or played jazz. It has highly themed of what it was like being a slave,Show MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as the Harlem Renaissance, spanned in the 1920s in which African American culture attained unparalleled political and social recognition despite the ongoing horrors of being black in America. New Negro was coined during the Harlem Renaissance indicating a more open advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit to Jim Crow laws and racial segregation. The movement weakened the notion of the African diaspor a as an event of forced migration isolated in the past andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement1459 Words   |  6 Pagesas the Harlem Renaissance. The main focus of the era for the African Americans was to establish some sort of identity and self-expression through literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts. The story behind this began in 1890 when African American slaves migrated from the rural South to the urban North as they thrashed their way to freedom. Most of them migrated to New York, particularly in the district of Harlem (Bolarinwa). Harlem was characterized as â€Å"not merely the largest Negro communityRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement843 Words   |  4 Pages The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was an important time period for African American culture in the United States. It was an innovating period where many unknown artists became prominent for their talent and ethnic heritage, and brought u pon many new connections between races. As a cultural movement, the Harlem Renaissance brought changes to America that would have long term effects on how art is created, viewed, and accepted. â€Å"The Renaissance was more than a literaryRead MoreJohn Altoon s Jazz Players From 19501396 Words   |  6 Pagesart deco style with his use of bold contour line outlining geometric shapes along with his use of strong saturated colors. Altoon’s Jazz Players reflects Modernism by exemplifying cubism as well as Harlem Renaissance art through the use of angular, geometric shapes and the depiction of the â€Å"New Negro.† John Altoon was born in 1925 in Los Angeles and died in 1969 at the of age 43 due to a massive heart attack (Orange County Museum of Art Website). Altoon’s other works were known for being involvedRead MoreWhat Was The Overall Impact Of The Harlem Renaissance1110 Words   |  5 PagesStreet Crash of 1929 considered the beginning of the end of the Harlem Renaissance? The financial support of African Americans by rich whites came to end after the Wall Street Crash. 22. Who is the author of Their Eyes Were Watching God and when was it published? The author of Their Eyes Was Watching God is Zora Neal Hurston and was published in 1973. 23. What was the overall impact of the Harlem Renaissance? The Harlem Renaissance help to how American view African American and their culture. Read MoreBlack Lives During The Harlem Renaissance1373 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Lives During the Harlem Renaissance New Negro Movement, the elegant roaring times of the Billie Holidays’, Dorothy Wests’, and the Augusta Savages’. The rebirth of African American arts, took place in Harlem, New York in the early 1920’s. The New Negro Movement was utilized to describe African American as artistic, conscious, sophisticated. The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans who began to move from the rural southern parts of the United States to the NortheastRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Renaissance was they had really short life there was no black people in it other than artists. Harlem Renaissance were first one to criticize black and white. They came to dominate Harlem Renaissance through creativity and culture. Madhubuti’s contention, Jeffery Stewart stated after major victories of the civil rights movement another intellectual and cultural rebellion called Black Power movement. Madhubuti’s, a black arts movement members relationship with Harlem Renaissance is one ofRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : The Cultural And Artistic Explosion745 Words   |  3 Pages Natalyn Rico Mr.Flores February 7, 2016 History IB Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the social, cultural and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem during the end of World War 1. The time of the 1920’s was a time of change for everyone. During the 1920’s, the Harlem Renaissance was the most influential movement where African Americans came together and created multiple things that was uniqueRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : A Cultural, Social, And Artistic Explosion840 Words   |  4 Pagesexplosion that took place in Harlem between 1919-1929 became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a great time period in history for blacks. The Harlem Renaissance included great artists such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, James Baldwin, and more. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which blacks asserted themselves by embracing their racial identity and appreciating their African heritage. In my opinion the Harlem Renaissance gave blacks a sense a pride. It

The Role Of Changing Perception Of The Hero - 1137 Words

The role and the changing perception of the hero Who is a hero? How does the definition of a hero change over time? The Epic of Gilgamesh is perhaps the â€Å"longest and greatest literary composition written in cuneiform Akkadian† (Dalley 39) and told to an audience, while The Odyssey, and Oedipus the King came many centuries later. However, they all have a hero that represents the values of the society at the time. This paper is going to compare and contrast the ideal of the hero from ancient Mesopotamia in Gilgamesh in approximately 2000 BC, The Odyssey, from the close of the 8th century BC focusing on Odysseus’ long journey home to Ithaca, and Oedipus the King written in about 430 BC and telling the story of the King, Oedipus who fulfills a prophecy. The heroes in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, and Oedipus are all men that share many traits, but are not the typical heroes that 21st century readers today may relate to. Instead, they are flawed men who must overcome great challenges. However, heroes play a vital role in the ancient epic texts that are still enjoyed today. Without the hero, there would be no tale to tell, and the stories of Gilgamesh, Odysseus, Oedipus, would be unknown to us. Understanding the role of the hero, and the differences between heroes is useful to better understand the literary masterpieces within the context of the times they were written in as well. When analyzing Epic of Gilgamesh today in the 21st century, one can make an argument thatShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, And A Winter s Tale1549 Words   |  7 PagesMarra Crook English 355: Shakespeare Professor Charlebois December 15, 2015 Perception of Evidence In Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, and A Winter’s Tale, William Shakespeare shows the shift in which in which perception becomes knowledge. As a thing becomes known, through one sense or another, it is filtered through the mind, and then emerges as knowledge. Shakespeare examines this process, focusing on the ways in which we unconsciously influence the formation of knowledge. Much Ado aboutRead MoreWomen s Role Models For Young Children1531 Words   |  7 PagesCinderella, Snow White, or Belle and the boys Hercules or Aladdin. These characters have been role models for young children for many years. Looking back at Disney films now, they seem a little different. Now, because we are much older we can see how they were setting up gender roles that we are completely comfortable with today. Using Frozen and Hercules as an example, we can teach kids and students about gender roles and what is considered â€Å"normal† in our society. In society today there is a huge controversyRead MoreDavid Maloufs Hero in Ransom1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe hero trope is used in many different genres in many different ways, but the genre in which this trope and the ‘hero’s quest’ appear in their traditional form is that of narrative heroic poetry. One such example being the eight century poem Beowulf. Which when tied and compared to a much more modern take on the traditional hero genre in the form of David Malouf’s â€Å"ransom† showcase the different ways in which the hero trope can be explored. Throughout both these texts, the author directs and challenge sRead MoreRole of Women in Horror Films1103 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom help. Women in these films are traditionally represented as the victims and men represented as the monster and hero. This was how women used to be treated before women had equal rights to men; so that was how they were portrayed in horror films. The book â€Å"Men, Women and Chainsaws† by Carol J Clover supports this. In her book she says, â€Å"The functions of monster and hero are far more frequently represented by males and the function of the victim far more garishly by females. The fact thatRead MoreThe Mind s Eye By Oliver Sacks859 Words   |  4 Pagesa lots of ways to feel the world and perceive information, such as smelling, hearing, touching, and seeing. However, the physical senses are not the only way for individuals to capture correct information, imagination also plays a very significant role while most individuals percept information. In the following article the two authors Oliver Sacks and Malcom Glad well show case how Cognitive association is of significance i mportance when it comes to sight. Another elaborate importance of cognitiveRead MoreOthello - A Play That Transcends Time Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagestruly appreciate the world of Shakespeare’s Othello. It is through my exploration of these perspectives and their relationship with changing morals and values that has enriched my understanding of the play. One such reading of the play challenges the marginalisation and objectification of woman in a patriarchal Venetian society, while taking into account the changing role of women in modern society. Another interpretation of Othello examines its post colonial elements through the protagonist OthelloRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King†Read MoreSports Media Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesculture. Sports and media have benefited each other in the marketplace. While these benefits have had many positive effects, there have also been some negative or distorted views. A negative connotation is felt when the media shapes its viewers’ perception of athletes by depicting them negatively or unappreciated based on race or gender stereotypes. This negativity can be seen when the media attempts to distort the truth or avoid complete coverage. The broadcasting industry has given a biased viewRead MoreA Farewell Of Arms By Frederic Henry953 Words   |  4 Pagesnote that Catherine is the more mature of the two characters when they meet; therefore, it is Henry who must struggle to match her level of maturity. I think these roles were given not based on Fitzgerald s hate for women, but simply to have the story work. Fitzgerald has been accused time and time again for his prejudice perception to women, but even if this was true, the book was published in the late 1920’s a nd the story took place in the 1910’s, not exactly a time when women were highly thoughtRead MoreHercules : The Sea Cultural Hero Of Hercules1708 Words   |  7 PagesMediterranean cultural hero of Hercules (Lopez-Ruiz 257). As a character and hero, Hercules was a contradiction. Throughout the hero’s life, he constantly juxtaposed himself through his conflicting qualities and narrative. Neither moral nor immoral was the prodigious Hercules. The story of this champion’s life was full of enigmas; Hercules was not a god however not quite a mortal either. This constant combat of one or the other not only made Hercules, the famous Greco-Roman hero but also caused him

Freemasonry’s Beliefs and Their Struggle for Secrecy Free Essays

The extended essay project was done on the Masonic group of people who have been an influential part of history as a whole. In this essay I am going to explore the belief system of the group. As well as demonstrate why there is much controversy surrounding the group by expressing the opposing views. We will write a custom essay sample on Freemasonry’s Beliefs and Their Struggle for Secrecy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Masons basically are a group of men that have shared feelings about brotherhood, morals and community progress. These men belong to the world’s largest fraternity in the world. It spans all nations, races and religions. The group as a whole is very secret. For instance the origin and the time that this group was structured is still uncertain. Many actions and activities of the group are also low key. This makes the group very vulnerable for Anti-Masonic groups. Many famous and important people in the world have belonged to the Freemasons. When criminal acts or injustices in the community take place, the Anti-Masonic groups place blame on the masons. What was found out by the research is that the secrecy of the Masonic organization is to be kept at all times. Some times extreme measures are taken to insure its secrecy. Anti-Mason groups are detrimental to the survival of the group. They dampen their progress and lower their popularity rating with the public. It is an ongoing battle that doesn’t seem like it will cease any time soon. There is a society in which many people belong. Many people are your everyday people; people that run the country, people that own business to people that pass you on the street. You wouldn’t know they belong to this society because they are everyday people. This society has been around since the earliest of times. The members are dedicated to brotherly love, relief for the community and strong morals. More revealingly this group can be defined as a group of men, banded together in an exclusive lodge to advance, first and foremost, their personal interests and second, the interests of the community or other members of the group (Hoselton). If you know anyone that sounds like he fits this profile they might belong to Masonry also called Freemasonry. Masonry is touted as the world’s oldest and largest fraternity. Freemasonry and Masonry are interchangeable words for the same organization, which has its roots in the medieval trade guilds of stonemasons. In Freemasonry the most widely used symbols are the tools of the stonemason, a square, compass and a level. The level for example is a symbol that are men are equal and on the same level. There are signs that point to the first congregation on this organization, which is back in 926 AD, when the first lodge documents were found. There are writings and evidence that date back to the late 17th century. There is no exact answer to when this society, lodge, group first originated. Even so Freemasonry was formally created in London in 1717. The ideas and beliefs quickly spread to the American colonies and across Europe. Today, there are probably four to six million men in the fraternity (Cambell). The Masons in the mid-seventeenth century were a secret society and since they were secret there was no historical document or writings. There are basically three theories that surround their existence before it became public. The first theory is that freemasonry is as ancient as the Masonic ritual claims. It was indeed created as a result of happenings at the building of king Solomon’s temple and has been passed down to us through mechanisms unknown. The second theory that scientists believe is that the development of medieval stoneman’s guilds, whereby Masonic skills with stone were translated into what masons call moral improvements. The third theory is that masons rituals originally come from the Order Of The Poor Fellow- soldiers of Christ and the temple of Solomon, now better known as the Knights of Templar (Knight). One thing you will learn is that there are no exact answers when it comes to the Masons. This society is held in high regard to its secrecy. The rules and regulations are very sacred and if one is not performed or is broken than severe penalty will be placed in action. The penalties are from removal from the society to death, depending on the act. These rules and guidelines are what gave man his sense of security and sense of well-being back in the times when the world was not as civilized as it was today. When the world was not as stable as it is today and lands were forever changing hands, masons were still united because it is widespread. Masonry is not confined to one race or nationality, creeds or faiths. This organization encompasses almost everyone. In Masonry there is a meeting place for the members. This place is called a lodge. There is a set hierarchy of Lodges. All the states in the U. S have a Highest ruling lodge, The Grand Lodge. This Grand Lodge is used as the presiding lodge over all of the small branches of lodges. The jurisdiction of a Lodge determines its exact beliefs and rules. There is no higher authority than the Grand Lodge of a state. Every month there is a specific meeting for the Master Masons. This once a month meeting is named a â€Å"business meeting† (Virginia). In the lodge religion is encouraged, nothing in particular, but Christianity is the most popular in the United States. Religion though, along with politics is strictly forbidden inside the lodge. Both subjects are very controversial and would cause too much of a divide between men. One of the beliefs that the Masons have is an interesting initiation ceremony. There are a few phases to complete this process but it is what is done to each new member. It has been carried out since the creation of the fraternity so now it is just a belief. The first phase of the ceremony is when the initiate must swear his allegiance to God and his fellow Masons. When that part of the ceremony is over the second part of the initiation begins. This way the initiate can become Master Mason. He is blindfolded and is asked to act out the part of Hiram Abiff. Hiram Abiff was the murdered master in a legend of the building of King Solomon’s temple. This would be the exciting section of the initiation, where all the action takes place. He must refuse to tell secrets of the Freemasons and then he is hit and knocked to the floor. This is a reenactment of Hiram’s death. The third step to the process is a few more points and symbols are explained in detail to him (Cambell). The Masons are also known as a secret society. Many beliefs that they hold are absolutely forbidden from non-members and also not all Masons can know everything. This is what gives the Masons its â€Å"secret society† name, not because its underground or a small gathering. The secrets started back in the earliest times when stonemasons had special trades that they kept from everyone else. There are many types of secrets that are held in the Mason group, many types of sciences and astrology. When a Mason starts to understand the organization and â€Å"probe his unconscious† these secrets are revealed to him. One belief that the Masons have that seems as though it would be outdated by now but is still intact is the admittance of only males. The lodges of today are available to only males who are at least nineteen years of age. To be more accommodative, a separate division of the Freemasons was developed. The Eastern Star was founded in 1850 and is a group for Master Masons or people properly related to Master Masons, including women. The relation can be wife, widow, sister, daughter, mother, granddaughter, stepmother, stepdaughter, stepsister, half sister, and recently, nieces, daughters-in-law, and grandmothers (Virginia). Basically anyone who is not permitted into the lodge meetings but has relation to a Master Mason can be admitted. The lodges are divided into chapters and there are eighteen offices to be filled in each chapter. Men or women can fill these positions. The head of the chapter is deemed the title Worthy Matron. To gain the membership required, each member must agree to belief in a supreme being. Although, the New and Old Testaments are both part of the five degrees. This makes the Eastern Star a particularly Christian group (Virginia). Since, the Eastern Star is a sort of division of the Masons, this must make them a particularly Christian group (Mackey). Since the Freemasons group of extreme size, controversies are always surrounding them. There is also a great deal of controversy that stems from the secretive nature of the Freemasons. Many prominent figures including founding fathers and presidents have been Masons, and in some cases Freemasons have been accused of giving other Masons unfair advantages in job promotion, and also controlling decisions in government by being a sort of underground government themselves (Virginia). A large part of joining the masons is having that advantage of job promotion over non-mason coworkers (Dumenil, 23). The biggest controversy concerning the Freemasons took place in the United States during the early 1800’s. In 1826, one man decided he was going to publish a book that contained all of the secrets that’s the Masonic society had hidden. This man was, Captain William Morgan, a regular member of the Masonic society. The place that the book was being published was burned to the ground and the Captain suddenly disappeared. There are many different endings to this story that go around today, but it is said that he was captured by the Masons and killed. Most Masons today say that is not what happened, but Morgan really left the country and went to Canada. It was noted by a anti-Masonic group that a year later the body was found in a harbor. Other accounts say that his body was never found. What the real truth may be is irrelevant. The fact that these stories set the Masons back a step in popularity is important part. There was even an anti-Masonic presidential candidate in the 1820’s (Mackey and McClenachen, 508). Protecting secrets is not the only type of controversy that the Freemasons get into. Since they are so large they have contacts and members in all aspects of society. Masons are blamed and accused of all types of other functions and mishaps. During the presidential election of Quincy Adams and Jackson, Adams blamed the mason group when he was not chosen for the presidency. There are writings linking the Freemasons to President Lincoln’s assassination, beliefs of Nazi Germany, the murder of Pope John Paul I, establishing the Ku Klux Klan, the Jack the Ripper Murders in England, the JFK assassination conspiracy, and many others (Virginia). All across the world different events have been blamed on their members. These actions might possibly be blamed on the Masons unrightfully. This might be due to their large size and underground secret society, which makes them an easy target to blame. Especially if there is no real suspect is unknown. Most of these accounts do not seem to have much well supported evidence. One thing that does lead one to believe a Mason might kill someone or cheat them out of a position in the work force is the type of penalties they enforce. The Masons preach that they are all about brotherly love and doing good deeds for their fellow members and the community around them; but when you read the types of penalties that they will enforce you have to second-guess the purpose of the group. If one of the members happens to slip and tell the secrets of Freemasonry there are many penalties. The penalties include very vulgar acts which are tearing one’s tongue out by the roots, plucking one’s heart from its breast, and having one’s body cut in two with the entrails burned to ashes (Virginia). This type of language has caused much anti-Masonic sentiment. To be a part of the Mason society it is said that you need to believe in a higher power or god. It is not specified which one to believe in, it does not matter. This issue has some people disturbed; especially Catholics and Methodists who are historically opposed to Masonry. Roman Catholics ban masonry due to the types of oaths and its sincere secrecy. The Methodists have to condemned it as well for the same reasons. Christians have also been very disturbed by Masonry’s mixing of beliefs. This would be both pagan and Christian beliefs together. Representing the Pagan solar gods are the Bible, the compass and the square. These are also the Three Great Lights of Masonry (Virginia). There are many other possible examples of mixing religions, which disturbs some members of Evangelical Christian churches (Cambell, 75-76). A recent controversy involves the history of the Freemasons. Some say that Freemasons didn’t come from medieval stonemason unions. They have come to the presumption that it has emerged from the Knights of the Templar, a privileged class of soldier monks in Medieval Europe. The Knights were attacked by many authorities for their knowledge of the Muslim and Jewish religions, and in 1307, King Philippe IV of France ordered their arrest and a raid of their preceptories. They supposedly escaped to Scotland with all of their treasures and these scholars say that Freemasonry evolved from the Knights Templar traditions (Virginia). These ideas are offered instead of the stonemason history that the Freemasons tell (Knight). There are Masons at all levels of work force especially in the government. It helps when you are trying to get elected and you are a Mason; but even so there is also a drawback to being a Mason. There are always people who try to find the hole in the system and take what you have earned. For example in 1829, under public pressure, the New York state senate investigated freemasonry and reported that wealthy and powerful masons were found at every level of government. Opponents of President Andrew Jackson, who was a freemason, took advantage of the scandal to form the Anti-Masonic party, the first time a third party was created in the United States. Anti-Masonic candidates were successful in state and local elections but failed to unseat Jackson in 1832. By the late 1830’s the Anti-Masonic party had turned to agitation against slavery and the strictly anti Jackson members joined the Whigs. This was a serious blow that took decades for the Masons to recover from (Dumenil). Most of these problems that the Freemasons have are due to the emergence of the Anti-Masonic society. Those who were not offered membership or could not obtain it had jealousy and greed grow inside them. The rest just didn’t know how to become a member. The figured it was a group of elites that belong to a secret society and it was nothing but full of evil and conspiracies. This guessing game and non-members jealousy served as the fuel for igniting and inciting hatred for the unknown. The only thing left was for three groups to keep the fire burning. First of all, politicians used this to gain popularity, but making false accusations did this. Thurlow Weed was the most successful and most damaging in his use of the incident and to claim that he was the savior, â€Å"riding in on a shiny white horse† (MIT). William Seward of Auburn and Millard Fillmore of Moravia made hay of the fiasco and gained political clout by using the Morgan affair as an issue (MIT). Secondly, the clergy also lowered themselves to this level of demagoguery. Even former members of the Fraternity saw in this an opportunity to claim that the Freemasons were evil and that only in the church could souls be saved. The clergy knew full well that Freemasonry was not in the business of saving souls. The third mechanism, which grabbed an opportunity to gain notoriety and to sell newspapers, was the press. New papers were born regularly with the one objective, to sell newsprint by leveling accusations at the Fraternity. Any dirt would do despite its veracity. The anti-Masonic movement in itself was a sort of lie, it was a conspiracy to promote certain people or groups at the cost of freemasons. The press could make money. The clergy saw people converting. Lastly, the politicians had an opportunity to promote themselves (MIT). The times were ripe for suspicion and distrust. Uncultivated egos led people to believe that only their church, their politics, their way of life was the correct one. Others were ignorant and in the dark. (Marrs, 17) The masons as a society are very secretive and extremely widespread. The society is formed on the basis that brotherly love, belief in religion and helping the community are musts. These characteristics don’t make the masons seem like they have any wrongdoing in their actions and so fourth. Even so there is is much criticism of the freemasons as a group. There have been numerous attacks against freemasons and what the supposedly have hidden from the rest of society. The most potentially damaging attacks of this century have come in the past two or three years. People have tried to convince society that freemasonry is rooted in heresy. Even in the face of extreme large amounts of criticism the masons have chosen to remain silent and not release any secrets. Whatever the actions were, or the motives have been they have always allowed themselves to be easy targets. It seems that the masons have been deliberately accused of certain things therefore they will gain the reputation that will put them under. Whether another society has done this to them is unknown. Everything seems to denounce the Order of the Masons. It is probably not long before the masons come out and set the record straight, rather than just accept the blows of criticism. They rely on their acts of reconciliation and following the principles of brotherhood, relief and truth, which is not enough to keep the largest fraternity in the world operating. It is very amazing that a group of people could persevere through the trials and tribulations that they have been through. It was very hard to gather reliable and large amounts of information because of the secrecy. What was learned is that this group operates for nothing but the good of themselves and others. Many very important figures of the world were members of this organization. This is a reason why there is so much controversy surrounding this group. All in all, its been the most successful attempt at a unified group or â€Å"secret society. â€Å" How to cite Freemasonry’s Beliefs and Their Struggle for Secrecy, Papers

Like Father, Like Daughter free essay sample

Lets face it; there comes a time in life when teenagers cannot stand their parents. Arguments ensue, many things that should never be said are spoken aloud, and the teenagers think that they have nothing in common with their parents. However, when Sarah Vowell shares her experience in the essay â€Å"Shooting Dad,† she gives the audience a complete, retrospective look at her teenage feuds, which contrasts her relationship with her father today. Vowell uses her past experiences with her father in order to emphasize the strong bond that they both now have, while acknowledging that even though teenagers may clash with their parents over their beliefs or hobbies, they will still have something, be it mannerisms or interests that connects them to their parents. She begins her essay by introducing the reader to the arguments that she and her father used to have. Vowell makes her aversion to guns and her fathers love of them, as well as their difference in opinions, clear from the beginning of the essay in order to demonstrate how poor she and her fathers relationship used to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Like Father, Like Daughter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In â€Å"Shooting Dad,† this difference is clearly defined with Vowells descriptions of what she calls, â€Å"jealously guarded totalitarian states in which each of us [Vowell and her father] declared ourselves dictator† (Vowell, 2). By using this wording, Vowell creates the scenario of war, making the reader question the extent of this feud. Later on, Vowell states after revisiting the memory of shooting a gun, â€Å"And, because I believed in the devil, I whispered under my breath, Satan, I rebuke thee† (Vowell, 4). When Vowell says this, the audience can finally feel the total impact of how different she seems from her father, in that while her father loves guns, she cannot stand them. Vowell also states that some of her fights with her father contained words that would have been better left unsaid (Vowell, 4). This portrays a negative connotation of the relationship that Vowell has with her father at this time, yet she contrasts this view throughout the essay using her relationship with her father today. Vowell uses more recent events between herself and her father to convey the bond that she currently shares with him, providing a contrast with how they got along when she was younger. According to the essay, Vowells father now calls her jokingly on Election Days, to proclaim that he has cancelled out her vote; Vowell then goes on to speak about how she and her father were sometimes unable to have a polite conversation (Vowell, 2). These more current events that Vowell gives prove that she and her father have begun to respect each others opinion, and sets the foundation for a playful relationship, rather than the distant bond that had been between them in the past. Listening to Vowell read her essay on NPR, the fun bond between father and daughter is further solidified. At 10:34 in the reading, Vowell laughs as her dad explains why hes able to shoot the cannon into a park (Chicago Public Media). Her laughter is natural, and suggests that she is genuinely attempting to understand why he loves firearms so much. When she tells her dad, â€Å"Good shot,† she realizes that she has actually begun to partly admire her fathers work and enjoys this time with her dad (Vowell, 7). This leads to Vowell searching for and finding a common ground with her father, in which both could talk about the experience comfortably and enjoy it. When talking about the past, Vowell leaves clues as to how identical she and her dad are, which lead up to the final epiphany that she has in the woods while cannon-shooting with her dad. Vowells first indication that she and her dad have things in common is when she is telling about the â€Å"territories† that she and her dad have. Both areas are described as â€Å"messy disaster areas,† each with navigable mazes designed with each persons objects of interest, while the walls boasted even more paraphernalia (Vowell, 2-3). In doing this, Vowell lets the reader catch on to one of the more subtle resemblances that she shares with her father: their mannerisms. She portrays this a couple more times, in that both are stubborn and stick firmly to their opinions, before she has a revelation. In the woods, two hikers look at her equipment in the same fashion that others look at her fathers handiwork (Vowell, 7). Here, Vowell realizes that she carries the same sort of personality and mannerisms that her father has, allowing her to look past many differences and become an ally to her father, rather than constant opposition. This common ground is what led Vowell to agree to her fathers final plan. In finding common ground with her father, Vowell explains how this newfound neutrality has enabled her to agree to her fathers final work of art. When Vowell explains about the cannon, and why she finds it tolerable, she says, â€Å"I can get behind the cannon because Its unwieldy and impractical, just like everything else I care about† (Vowell, 8). In bringing father and daughter together for one common pastime, this cannon is essentially the essence of Vowell and her fathers relationship in that it symbolizes mutual respect and the loving bond between parent and child. Vowell also claims that when her father dies, â€Å"I will light the fuse. But I will not cover my ears. Because I want it to hurt† (Vowell, 8). By using such a charged statement, Vowell intends for the reader to understand that while she intends to feel the emotional pain of her fathers passing by extending it into aural pain, she also wants to respect and honor another aspect that she and her father had in common: a love of noise. This pain is also a reference to what the cannon stands for, in that the bond she and her father shared is severed, but not gone, when his ashes leave the cannon. This helps to tie the entire essay together, and to help prove the main point of the essay. Throughout the essay â€Å"Shooting Dad,† Sarah Vowell tells the audience of the many arguments she and her father had, contrasting these tales with the more current bond that she and her father have assumed. In doing this, she accentuates how strong and playful their bond has become. Then, Vowell began to note the slight similarities that she and her father shared, which ultimately came to light while she helped her dad fire his cannon. Through this common ground, Vowell proves the point that everyone has something that connects them to their parents, and then pushes it further by utilizing the cannon, which had brought her and her father together, as a way to honor his memory and the similarities that they had. Vowell accomplishes in driving home the point that no matter what we do or say, there is something that ties parent and child together, and makes the saying, â€Å"Like father, like daughter,† true.